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Theravāda Vinaya Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
Bhikkhunivibhaṅga The Nuns’ Analysis
Saṅghādisesakaṇḍa The chapter on offenses entailing suspension
5. Bhojanapaṭiggahaṇasikkhāpada Receiving food with lust
Origin story
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.
Tena kho pana samayena sundarīnandā bhikkhunī abhirūpā hoti dassanīyā pāsādikā. At that time there was a beautiful nun called Sundarīnandā.
Manussā bhattagge sundarīnandaṁ bhikkhuniṁ passitvā avassutā avassutāya sundarīnandāya bhikkhuniyā aggamaggāni bhojanāni denti. When people saw her in the dining hall, they gave her the best food, both the donors and the recipient having lust.
Sundarīnandā bhikkhunī yāvadatthaṁ bhuñjati; Sundarīnandā ate as much as she liked,
aññā bhikkhuniyo na cittarūpaṁ labhanti. but not so the other nuns.
Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā …pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—The nuns of few desires complained and criticized her,
“kathañhi nāma ayyā sundarīnandā avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthato khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādissati bhuñjissatī”ti …pe… “How could Venerable Sundarīnandā, being lustful, eat either fresh or cooked food after receiving it directly from a lustful man?” …
“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, sundarīnandā bhikkhunī avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthato khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādati bhuñjatī”ti? “Is it true, monks, that the nun Sundarīnandā did this?”
“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. “It’s true, sir.”
Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… The Buddha rebuked her …
kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, sundarīnandā bhikkhunī avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthato khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādissati bhuñjissati. “How could Sundarīnandā, being lustful, eat either fresh or cooked food after receiving it directly from a lustful man?
Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… This will affect people’s confidence …” …
evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—“And, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this:
Final ruling
“Yā pana bhikkhunī avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthato khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, ayampi bhikkhunī paṭhamāpattikaṁ dhammaṁ āpannā nissāraṇīyaṁ saṅghādisesan”ti. ‘If a lustful nun eats fresh or cooked food after receiving it directly from a lustful man, then that nun too has committed an immediate offense entailing sending away and suspension.’”
Definitions
Yā panāti A:
yā yādisā …pe… whoever …
bhikkhunīti Nun:
…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti. … The nun who has been given the full ordination in unanimity by both Sanghas through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of nun is meant in this case.
Avassutā nāma Lustful:
sārattā apekkhavatī paṭibaddhacittā. having lust, longing for, in love with.
Avassuto nāma Lustful:
sāratto apekkhavā paṭibaddhacitto. having lust, longing for, in love with.
Purisapuggalo nāma Man:
manussapuriso, na yakkho na peto na tiracchānagato, viññū paṭibalo sārajjituṁ. a human male, not a male spirit, not a male ghost, not a male animal. He understands and is capable of having lust.
Khādanīyaṁ nāma Fresh food:
pañca bhojanāni udakadantaponaṁ ṭhapetvā avasesaṁ khādanīyaṁ nāma. apart from the five cooked foods, water, and tooth cleaners, the rest is called “fresh food”. For a discussion of the rendering “fresh food” for khādanīya, see Appendix of Technical Terms.
Bhojanīyaṁ nāma Cooked food:
pañca bhojanāni—odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṁsaṁ. there are five kinds of cooked food: cooked grain, porridge, flour products, fish, and meat. For a discussion of the renderings “cooked food” for bhojanīya and “flour products” for sattu, see Appendix of Technical Terms.
“Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti thullaccayassa. If she receives fresh or cooked food with the intention of eating it, she commits a serious offense.
Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti saṅghādisesassa. For every mouthful swallowed, she commits an offense entailing suspension.
Ayampīti That too:
purimāyo upādāya vuccati. this is said with reference to the preceding offenses.
Paṭhamāpattikanti An immediate offense:
saha vatthujjhācārā āpajjati asamanubhāsanāya. there is an offense as soon as the misconduct is committed, and no pressing is required.
Nissāraṇīyanti Entailing sending away:
saṅghamhā nissārīyati. she is sent away from the Sangha.
Saṅghādisesoti Suspension:
…pe… tenapi vuccati saṅghādisesoti. … Therefore, too, it is called an offense entailing suspension.
Permutations
Udakadantaponaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If she receives water or a tooth cleaner, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Ekatoavassute “khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If only the man has lust, and she receives fresh or cooked food with the intention of eating it, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. As with Bi Pj 5:2.2.15.1 above, the Pali just says, “One of them has lust”, ekatoavassute, without specifying who. In this rule, however, the non-offense clause specifically says that there is no offense if the nun knows that the man does not have lust, and so the state of mind of the nun does not seem to be an issue. It follows that “one of them has lust” must refer to the man. This understanding is supported by Sp 2.701: Ekato avassuteti ettha “bhikkhuniyā avassutabhāvo daṭṭhabbo”ti mahāpaccariyaṁ vuttaṁ. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṁ panetaṁ na vuttaṁ, taṁ pāḷiyā sameti, “‘One of them has lust’: In regard to this it is said in the Mahāpaccarī, ‘There being lust in the nun is to be understood.’ But this is not said in the Mahāaṭṭhakathā, and this agrees with the Canonical text.”
Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti thullaccayassa. For every mouthful swallowed, she commits a serious offense.
Udakadantaponaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If she receives water or a tooth cleaner, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Ubhatoavassute yakkhassa vā petassa vā paṇḍakassa vā tiracchānagatamanussaviggahassa vā hatthato “khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If both of them have lust, and she receives fresh or cooked food with the intention of eating it directly from a male spirit, a male ghost, a paṇḍaka, or a male animal in human form, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti thullaccayassa. For every mouthful swallowed, she commits a serious offense.
Udakadantaponaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If she receives water or a tooth cleaner, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Ekatoavassute “khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If only the male being has lust, and she receives fresh or cooked food with the intention of eating it, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. For every mouthful swallowed, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Udakadantaponaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If she receives water or a tooth cleaner, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Non-offenses
Anāpatti—There is no offense:
ubhatoanavassutā honti, if both are without lust;
“anavassuto”ti jānantī paṭiggaṇhāti, if she receives, knowing that the man has no lust;
ummattikāya, if she is insane;
ādikammikāyāti. if she is the first offender.
Pañcamasaṅghādisesasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ. The fifth offense entailing suspension is finished.