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Sutta Nipāta 1.3 Sutta Nipāta 1.3Anthology of Discourses 1.3
Khaggavisāṇasutta The Rhinoceros Horn DiscourseThe Horned Rhino
“Sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṁ, Renouncing violence for all living beings,When you’ve laid down violence toward all creatures,
Aviheṭhayaṁ aññatarampi tesaṁ; harming not even one of them,not harming even a single one,
Na puttamiccheyya kuto sahāyaṁ, you would not wish for offspring, so how a companion?don’t wish for a child, let alone a companion:
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. Wander alone like a rhinoceros.The commentary (Nd II) describes several senses in which a solitary sage ‘wanders alone’: physically, by going forth without a companion and traveling unaccompanied; and mentally, through having abandoned craving, being free of passion, aversion, and delusion, and following what is called the ‘path going one way only.’ The commentary defines this path not simply as the four establishings of mindfulness (compare DN 22) but as the full set of seven groups of qualities making up the Wings to Awakening. It illustrates the abandoning-of-craving point with a verse paralleling Iti 15, and the one-way-path point with a verse paralleling SN 47:18 and SN 47:43.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Saṁsaggajātassa bhavanti snehā, For a person by nature entangled there are affections;Those with close relationships have affection,
Snehanvayaṁ dukkhamidaṁ pahoti; on the heels of affection, this pain.following which this pain arises.
Ādīnavaṁ snehajaṁ pekkhamāno, Seeing the drawback born of affection,Seeing this danger born of affection,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Mitte suhajje anukampamāno, One whose mind is enmeshed in sympathy for friends & companions,When feelings for friends and loved ones
Hāpeti atthaṁ paṭibaddhacitto; neglects the goal.are tied up in selfish love, you miss out on the goal.
Etaṁ bhayaṁ santhave pekkhamāno, Seeing this danger in intimacy,Seeing this peril in intimacy,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Vaṁso visālova yathā visatto, Like spreading bamboo, entwined,As a spreading bamboo gets entangled,
Puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā; is concern for offspring & spouses.so does concern for partners and children.
Vaṁsakkaḷīrova asajjamāno, Like a bamboo sprout, unentangling,Like a bamboo shoot unobstructed,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Migo araññamhi yathā abaddho, As a deer in the wilds, unfettered,SN 35:191 speaks of two fetters — desire and passion — while AN 10:13 gives a longer list of ten: views about self-identity, doubt, clinging to rules and observances, sensual desire, ill will, passion for form, passion for the formless, conceit, restlessness, and ignorance.As a wild deer loose in the forest
Yenicchakaṁ gacchati gocarāya; goes for forage wherever it wants:grazes wherever it wants,
Viññū naro seritaṁ pekkhamāno, the observant person, valuing freedom,a smart person looking for freedom would
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wanders alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Āmantanā hoti sahāyamajjhe, You are prey to requests in the midst of companions,When among friends, whether staying in place
Vāse ṭhāne gamane cārikāya; when staying at home, when going out wandering—or going on a journey, you’re always on call.
Anabhijjhitaṁ seritaṁ pekkhamāno, Valuing the freedom that no one else covets,Looking for the uncoveted freedom,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Khiḍḍā ratī hoti sahāyamajjhe, There is sporting & love in the midst of companions,Among friends you have fun and games,
Puttesu ca vipulaṁ hoti pemaṁ; & abundant love for offspring.and for children you are full of fondness.
Piyavippayogaṁ vijigucchamāno, Feeling disgust at the prospect of parting from those who’d be dear,Though loathe to depart from those you hold dear,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Cātuddiso appaṭigho ca hoti, Without resistance in all four directions,At ease in any quarter, unresisting,
Santussamāno itarītarena; content with whatever you get,content with whatever comes your way;
Parissayānaṁ sahitā achambhī, enduring troubles without panic,prevailing over adversities, dauntless,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Dussaṅgahā pabbajitāpi eke, They are hard to please, some of those gone forth,Even some renunciates are hard to please,
Atho gahaṭṭhā gharamāvasantā; as well as those living the household life.as are some layfolk dwelling at home.
Appossukko paraputtesu hutvā, Being unconcerned with the offspring of others,Don’t worry about others’ children,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Oropayitvā gihibyañjanāni, Cutting off the householder’s marks,‘The householder’s marks’ refers to hair and beard.Having shed the marks of the home life,
Sañchinnapatto yathā koviḷāro; like a kovilara tree that has shed its leaves,like the fallen leaves of the Shady Orchid Tree;
Chetvāna vīro gihibandhanāni, the enlightened one, cutting all household ties,having cut the bonds of the home life, a hero would
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wanders alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Sace labhetha nipakaṁ sahāyaṁ, If you gain an astute companion,If you find an alert companion,
Saddhiṁ caraṁ sādhuvihāridhīraṁ; a fellow traveler, right-living, enlightened,an attentive friend to live happily together,
Abhibhuyya sabbāni parissayāni, overcoming all troubles,then, overcoming all adversities,
Careyya tenattamano satīmā”. go with him, gratified, mindful.wander with them, joyful and mindful.
“No ce labhetha nipakaṁ sahāyaṁ, If you don’t gain an astute companion,If you find no alert companion,
Saddhiṁ caraṁ sādhuvihāridhīraṁ; a fellow traveler, right-living & wise,an attentive friend to live happily together,
Rājāva raṭṭhaṁ vijitaṁ pahāya, wander alone like a king renouncing his conquered kingdom,then, like a king who flees his conquered realm,
Eko care mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo”. like the elephant in the Mataṅga wilds, [his herd].These two lines correspond to Dhammapada verses 328–329.wander alone like a tusker in the wilds.
“Addhā pasaṁsāma sahāyasampadaṁ, We praise companionship —yes!Clearly we praise the blessing of a friend,
Seṭṭhā samā sevitabbā sahāyā; Those on a par, or better, should be chosen as friends.it’s good to be with friends your equal or better.
Ete aladdhā anavajjabhojī, If they’re not to be found, living faultlessly,But failing to find them, eating blamelessly,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Disvā suvaṇṇassa pabhassarāni, Seeing radiant bracelets of gold,Though made of shining gold, well-finished by a smith,
Kammāraputtena suniṭṭhitāni; well-made by a smith,when two bracelets share the same arm
Saṅghaṭṭamānāni duve bhujasmiṁ, clinking, clashing, two on an arm,they clash up against each other. Seeing this,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros,live alone like a horned rhino.
“Evaṁ dutīyena sahā mamassa, [Thinking:] “In the same way, if I were to live with another,Thinking, “So too, if I had a partner,
Vācābhilāpo abhisajjanā vā; there would be conversation or attachment.”there’d be flattery or curses.” The exact nuance of this line is hard to pin down. Later Pali texts equate abhilāpa with “naming”, but it doesn’t seem to occur in any early texts with this sense. However lapanā is used in the sense of “flattery” in eg. MN 117:29.2.
Etaṁ bhayaṁ āyatiṁ pekkhamāno, Seeing this future danger,Seeing this peril in the future,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Kāmā hi citrā madhurā manoramā, Because sensual pleasures, elegant, honeyed, & charming,Sensual pleasures are diverse, sweet, delightful;
Virūparūpena mathenti cittaṁ; bewitch the mind with their manifold forms—appearing in disguise they disturb the mind.
Ādīnavaṁ kāmaguṇesu disvā, seeing this drawback in sensual strings—‘Strings of sensuality’ traditionally refers to pleasing sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and tactile sensations linked with desire, encountered through the five senses. Strictly speaking these objects themselves aren’t ‘sensuality’ as such, but in technical usage they are called the ‘strings’ of sensuality. See AN 6:63.Seeing danger in sensual stimulations,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Ītī ca gaṇḍo ca upaddavo ca, “Calamity, tumor, misfortune,This is a calamity, a boil, a disaster,
Rogo ca sallañca bhayañca metaṁ; disease, an arrow, a danger for me.”an illness, a dart, and a danger for me.
Etaṁ bhayaṁ kāmaguṇesu disvā, Seeing this danger in sensual strings,Seeing this peril in sensuality,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Sītañca uṇhañca khudaṁ pipāsaṁ, Cold & heat, hunger & thirst,Heat and cold, hunger and thirst,
Vātātape ḍaṁsasarīsape ca; wind & sun, horseflies & snakes:wind and sun, flies and reptiles:
Sabbānipetāni abhisambhavitvā, enduring all these, without exception,having put up with all these things,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Nāgova yūthāni vivajjayitvā, As a great white elephant, renouncing his herd,As a full-grown elephant, lotus-fond, magnificent,
Sañjātakhandho padumī uḷāro; with massive shoulders,forsaking the herd, Padumī is a word for “elephant”, after the lotus-like spots or mottles on an elephant’s body, or else due to their fondness for lotuses (padmaprasaktyā, Mātaṅgalīla); elephants are often seen bathing and eating in lotus ponds.
Yathābhirantaṁ viharaṁ araññe, lives in the wilds wherever he wants,stays as it pleases in the forest,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Aṭṭhānataṁ saṅgaṇikāratassa, “There’s no way that one delighting in companyIt’s impossible for one who delights in company
Yaṁ phassaye sāmayikaṁ vimuttiṁ; can touch even momentary release.”‘Momentary release’ refers to the temporary freedom from the hindrances gained upon entering right concentration, or the temporary freedom from certain factors of a lower jhāna gained upon reaching a higher one — a release that lasts only as long as the supporting conditions remain in place. This appears to be equivalent to the ‘occasional release’ mentioned in MN 29 (see that sutta’s second note).to experience even temporary freedom.
Ādiccabandhussa vaco nisamma, Heeding the words of the Kinsman of the Sun,‘Kinsman of the Sun’ is an epithet for the Buddha.Heeding the speech of the Kinsman of the Sun,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Diṭṭhīvisūkāni upātivatto, Transcending the contortion of views,The commentary (Nd II) identifies ‘views’ here as the twenty forms of identity-view (see SN 22:1) together with the sixty-two views described in DN 1 (their relationship is discussed at SN 41:3). MN 2, however, explains the phrase ‘contortion of views’ somewhat differently, and that alternate sense may be what’s intended here.Thinking, “I have left twisted views behind,
Patto niyāmaṁ paṭiladdhamaggo; the sure way attained, the path gained,reached the sure way, and gained the path;
Uppannañāṇomhi anaññaneyyo, [realizing:] “Unled by others, I have knowledge arisen,”I’ve given rise to knowledge, and need no one to guide me”,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Nillolupo nikkuho nippipāso, With no greed, no deceit, no thirst,No greed, no guile, no thirst, no slur,
Nimmakkho niddhantakasāvamoho; no hypocrisy—delusion & blemishes blown away—dross and delusion is smelted off; The reference is to the smelting of gold, AN 3.101:1.9.
Nirāsayo sabbaloke bhavitvā, with no inclinations for all the world, every world,free of hoping for anything in the world,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Pāpaṁ sahāyaṁ parivajjayetha, Avoid the evil companionAvoid a wicked companion,
Anatthadassiṁ visame niviṭṭhaṁ; disregarding the goal, intent on the discordant way.On the term rendered ‘discordant’ (visama), see the corresponding note at Sn 1:12.blind to the good, habitually immoral.
Sayaṁ na seve pasutaṁ pamattaṁ, Don’t associate yourself with someone heedless & hankering.Don’t befriend the heedless and the hankering, but
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. Wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Bahussutaṁ dhammadharaṁ bhajetha, Consort with one who is learned, who maintains the Dhamma,Spend time with the learned who have memorized the teachings,
Mittaṁ uḷāraṁ paṭibhānavantaṁ; a great & quick-witted friend.an eloquent and uplifting friend.
Aññāya atthāni vineyya kaṅkhaṁ, Knowing the meanings, subdue your perplexity,When you understand the meanings and have dispelled doubt,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. [then] wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Khiḍḍaṁ ratiṁ kāmasukhañca loke, Free from longing, finding no pleasureWhen you realize that worldly fun and games
Analaṅkaritvā anapekkhamāno; in the world’s sport, ardor, or sensual bliss,and pleasure are inadequate, unconcerned with them,
Vibhūsanaṭṭhānā virato saccavādī, abstaining from adornment, speaking the truth,as one unadorned, a speaker of truth,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Puttañca dāraṁ pitarañca mātaraṁ, Abandoning offspring, spouse, father, mother,Children, partner, father, mother,
Dhanāni dhaññāni ca bandhavāni; riches, grain, & relatives,wealth and grain and relatives:
Hitvāna kāmāni yathodhikāni, & sensual pleasures altogether,having given up sensual pleasures to this extent,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Saṅgo eso parittamettha sokhyaṁ, “This is a bondage. There’s little happiness here,“This is a chain. Here there’s hardly any happiness,
Appassādo dukkhamettha bhiyyo; next to no enjoyment, all the more suffering & pain.See MN 54.little gratification, and it’s full of drawbacks.
Gaḷo eso iti ñatvā matīmā, This is a boil”: Knowing this, circumspect,A textual variant: the Thai editions read ‘gaṇḍo’ (tumor/boil, as translated here), while other editions have ‘gaḷo’ (fishhook). See AN 9:15.It’s a hook.” Knowing this, a thoughtful person would
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Sandālayitvāna saṁyojanāni, Shattering fetters,Having burst apart the fetters,
Jālaṁva bhetvā salilambucārī; like a fish in the water tearing a net,like a fish that tears the net and swims free,
Aggīva daḍḍhaṁ anivattamāno, like a fire not coming back to what’s burnt,or a fire not returning to ground it has burned,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Okkhittacakkhu na ca pādalolo, Eyes downcast, not footloose,Eyes downcast, not footloose,
Guttindriyo rakkhitamānasāno; senses guarded, with protected mind,senses guarded, mind protected,
Anavassuto apariḍayhamāno, not soggy, not burning,Drawing on Nd II’s citation of Ven. Mahā Moggallāna at SN 35:202: being ‘soggy’ describes a mind caught up in attraction to pleasant sights (and correspondingly for the other senses) or aversion to unpleasant ones, lacking mindfulness of the body and full awareness, so that unskillful states that arise aren’t seen through to their cessation. Being ‘not soggy’ is the reverse — mindfulness of the body is present, awareness is unlimited, and one discerns the release of unskillful states through awareness and discernment. See also AN 3:110. ‘Not burning’ is explained as not burning with the fires of passion, aversion, and delusion; see SN 35:28 and Iti 93.not festering or burning with desire,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Ohārayitvā gihibyañjanāni, Taking off the householder’s marks,Here ‘the householder’s marks’ refers to lay clothing (contrast the earlier occurrence at 10.1, referring to hair and beard).Having shed the marks of the home life,
Sañchannapatto yathā pārichatto; like a coral tree that has shed its leaves,like the fallen leaves of the Orchid Tree, This simile is developed in detail at AN 7.69.
Kāsāyavattho abhinikkhamitvā, going forth in the ochre robe,and gone forth in the ocher robe,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Rasesu gedhaṁ akaraṁ alolo, Showing no greed for flavors, not wanton,Not wanton, nor rousing greed for tastes,
Anaññaposī sapadānacārī; going from house to house for almsproviding for no other, wandering indiscriminately for alms,
Kule kule appaṭibaddhacitto, with mind unenmeshed in this family or that,not attached to this family or that,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Pahāya pañcāvaraṇāni cetaso, Abandoning barriers to awareness,When you’ve given up five mental obstacles,
Upakkilese byapanujja sabbe; expelling all defilements—all—and cast aside all corruptions,
Anissito chetva sinehadosaṁ, non-dependent, cutting aversion, affection,and cut off affection and hate, being independent,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Vipiṭṭhikatvāna sukhaṁ dukhañca, Turning your back on pleasure & pain,When you’ve put pleasure and pain behind you,
Pubbeva ca somanassadomanassaṁ; as earlier with sorrow & joy,and former happiness and sadness,
Laddhānupekkhaṁ samathaṁ visuddhaṁ, attaining pure equanimity, tranquility,This refers to the fourth jhāna; see MN 119.and gained equanimity serene and pure,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Āraddhaviriyo paramatthapattiyā, With persistence aroused for the highest goal’s attainment,With energy roused to reach the ultimate goal,
Alīnacitto akusītavutti; with mind unsmeared, not lazy in action,not sluggish in mind or lazy,
Daḷhanikkamo thāmabalūpapanno, firm in effort, with steadfastness & strength arisen,vigorous, strong and powerful,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Paṭisallānaṁ jhānamariñcamāno, Not neglecting seclusion, jhāna,Not neglecting retreat and absorption,
Dhammesu niccaṁ anudhammacārī; constantly living the Dhamma in line with the Dhamma,always living in line with the teaching,
Ādīnavaṁ sammasitā bhavesu, comprehending the danger in states of becoming,comprehending the danger in rebirths,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Taṇhakkhayaṁ patthayamappamatto, Intent on the ending of craving & heedful,One whose aim is the ending of craving—
Aneḷamūgo sutavā satīmā; neither drooling nor dumb, but learned, mindful,diligent, clever, learned, mindful, resolute—
Saṅkhātadhammo niyato padhānavā, —having reckoned the Dhamma— certain & striving,who has appraised the teaching and is assured, destined for awakening, should
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Sīhova saddesu asantasanto, Unstartled, like a lion at sounds.Like a lion not startled by sounds,
Vātova jālamhi asajjamāno; Unsnared, like the wind in a net.like wind not caught in a net,
Padumaṁva toyena alippamāno, Unsmeared, like a lotus in water:These same lines recur at Sn 1:12.like water not sticking to a lotus,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Sīho yathā dāṭhabalī pasayha, Like a lion—forceful, strong in fang,Like the fierce-fanged lion, king of beasts,
Rājā migānaṁ abhibhuyya cārī; living as a conqueror, the king of beasts—who wanders as conqueror and victor,
Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni, resort to a solitary dwelling.you should frequent remote lodgings, and
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. Wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Mettaṁ upekkhaṁ karuṇaṁ vimuttiṁ, At the right time consorting with the releaseIn time, cultivate freedom through
Āsevamāno muditañca kāle; through goodwill, compassion, empathetic joy, equanimity,love, compassion, rejoicing, and equanimity.
Sabbena lokena avirujjhamāno, unobstructed by all the world, any world,Not upset by anything in the world,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Rāgañca dosañca pahāya mohaṁ, Having let go of passion, aversion, delusion;Having given up greed, hate, and delusion,
Sandālayitvāna saṁyojanāni; having shattered the fetters;having burst apart the fetters,
Asantasaṁ jīvitasaṅkhayamhi, unfazed at the ending of life,unafraid at the end of life,
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
“Bhajanti sevanti ca kāraṇatthā, People follow & associate for a motive.They befriend you and serve you for their own sake;
Nikkāraṇā dullabhā ajja mittā; Friends without a motive these days are rare.these days it’s hard to find friends lacking ulterior motive.
Attaṭṭhapaññā asucī manussā, They’re shrewd for their own ends, & impure.Impure folk cleverly profit themselves—
Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”. Wander alone like a rhinoceros.live alone like a horned rhino.
Khaggavisāṇasuttaṁ tatiyaṁ. The third: the Rhinoceros Horn Discourse.See also: SN 21:10; SN 35:63; AN 9:40; Ud 4:5; Iti 15; Iti 38.